India in 2050

India is the Country of diversity. It is the beauty if diversity that makes india a very unique country in every aspect be it technical, scientific, social, or environmental. Every Indian is worth of accomplishing every task that can flourishes the economy of the nation. Even history has proved that Indians are worth gems for world in the form of the vivekanand, mahatma Gandhi, mother Teresa, satuyajit ray, sam pitroda and many to specify. It is proved that we Indians has more innovativeness than many other public in the world. Then the question stuck in our mind that according to current situation how india will look in 2050? What will be its socio-economic status, science and technological development, living standard and other related fields?Though having busy roads, tight schedule, population density, health hazards etc., we Indians are still proud of our culture. in spite of serving MNC’s with cheap labour, still being the biggest reason of success of our culture that foc us on eco-friendliness, our actions that we though indirectly indulge in serving humanity.India has experienced extraordinary population growth: between 2001 and 2011 India added 181 million people to the world, slightly less than the entire population of Brazil. But 76 per cent of India’s population lives on less than US$2 per day (at purchasing power parity rates). India ranks at the bottom of the pyramid in per capita-level consumption indicators not only in energy or electricity but in almost all other relevant per capita-level consumption indicators, despite high rates of growth in the last decade.Much of India’s population increase has occurred among the poorest socio-economic percentile. Relatively socio-economically advanced Indian states had a fertility rate of less than 2.1 in 2009 — less than the level needed to maintain a stable population following infant mortality standards in developed nations.But in poorer states like Bihar, fertility rates were nearer to 4.0.  Does this growth mean India can rely on the ‘demographic dividend’ to spur development? This phenomenon, which refers to the period in which a large proportion of a country’s population is of working age, is said to have accounted for between one-fourth and two-fifths of East Asia’s ‘economic miracle’ as observed late last century.But India is not East Asia. Its population density is almost three times the average in East Asia and more than eight times the world average of 45 people per square kilometre. If India has anywhere near 1.69 billion people in 2050, it will have more than 500 people per square kilometre. Besides, in terms of infrastructure development India currently is nowhere near where East Asian nations were before their boom. In terms of soft to hard infrastructure, spanning education, healthcare, roads, electricity, housing, employment growth and more, India is visibly strained.For example, India has an instal led energy capacity of little more than 200 gigawatts; China has more than 1000 gigawatts and aims to generate 600 gigawatts of clean electricity by 2020. To make matters worse, many of the newly installed power stations in India face an acute shortage of coal, and future supply is not guaranteed. China mines close to four billion tonnes of coal per year, which has a negative effect on both local and global air quality.At some stage, it is probably inevitable that India will need much greater capacity than its present rate of mining 600 million tonnes of coal per year, which is also causing local and global pollution levels to rise — parts of India face air quality problems similar to those in China. On oil, India imports close to 80 per cent of its crude oil requirements, while it also runs an unsustainable current account deficit of more than 5 per cent of its GDP, and reserves for new energy sources like shale gas do not look promising either.India’s food supply is in an even worse position. As a member of India’s Planning Commission put it, ‘we have a problem and it can be starkly put in the following way: around 2004–2005,  our per capita food grains production was back to the 1970s level’. In 2005–07, the average Indian consumed only 2,300 calories per day — below the defined poverty line in rural areas of 2,400 calories a day. The trend in recent years is for Indians to eat even less.So, for India, treating lightly Malthusian predictions about food supply until 2050 or beyond may not be prudent. Worldwide food prices have been on the rise to unforeseen levels, and India too has been suffering from high food inflation.Finally, even if India manages to feed its burgeoning population, its growth may not be ecologically sustainable. The global demand for water in 2050 is projected to be more than 50 per cent of what it was in 2000, and demand for food will double. On average, a thousand tons of water is required to produce one ton of food grains. It’s not surprising, then, that international disputes about water have increasingly been replicated among states in India, where the Supreme Court is frequently asked to intervene.The probable answer is that policy makers have failed miserably on all measurable counts. If one compares India to China this becomes clear. While China’s one-child policy has been criticised as against human dignity and rights — and there is no denying that such measures should be avoided as far as possible — the history of human civilization teaches us that extreme situations call for extreme actions. There will be ample time for multiple schools to have their post-mortems on the success and failure of the one-child policy, but it has helped China to control its population by a possible 400 million people.There are still millions of people still surviving in india on income of less than one dollar a day . India will never be cons ider developed country unless and until the poverty, hunger and pain of the poor on the streets and those living in the slums is curbed. According to the wealth report 2012 by  knightfrunk and citi private bank, india will emerge as the economic superpower in 2050, beating U.S. and china with a GDP of $85.97 trillion and india will also witness an economic growth of 8% by 2050.There must be upward mobility in economic terms and recognisation is through performance and results, and not through other metrics which suit special interest groups. Indian high-tech companies should create their own top position in the world by indentifying world and fulfilling those by leveraging technologies. They should identify what services need to be developed and delivered to meet the need of our underdeveloped population to improve health-care, education and new economic models to benefit backward sections of the society. The high-tech industry is going through disruptive changes because of transi tion to cloud- delivered services.Thus an Optimistic view of emerging india as a fully developed not only as a superpower nation but also as a wholesome development in the fields of health, education, business, urban and special emphesis on rural development with a poverty free, slum free, high employment opportunity are the thoughts and dreams that every Indian might be seeing. with the efforts of all of us we will surely see our proud INDIA IN 2050 as a prousperous, happy and overally developed nation.

A Canary for One Essay

The story under consideration is entitled A Canary for One and is written by Ernest Hemingway, an American novelist and short-story writer. As for the author I have to mention that his style is characterized by crispness, laconic dialogue and emotional understatement. In his writing Hemingway explored themes of helplessness, defeat and social problems. The story A Canary for One is not an exception. The first idea about the title is that a bird was a present, a canary for somebody. However, following his story-telling iceberg style, Hemingway makes the meaning of the story even more significant. The bird is a symbol of hope for the better future. It is like a means of forgetting the problems and not to be alone. The story is about an American woman returning home with a canary for her daughter. After reading the story we got to know that the main idea is loneliness and the futility of human relationships. This can be proved by the example of the American couple who went to Paris to set up individual residences in Paris. As it often happens with E. Hemingway’s stories, the plot is difficult and thought provoking by its simplicity of language forms. In a train approaching to Paris, an American lady got acquainted with an American couple. In a conversation the woman told another woman about her daughter, who fell in love with a man from Vevey but they had to put an end to their relationships. Mother believed strongly that only an American boy would make a match for her girl. Having arrived at the railway station the couple and the woman said goodbye to one another. Having moved towards the gate the man and a woman went their own ways. The main character of the story is a quite rich and lonely American lady. The author doesn’t even mention her name as it’s unnecessary. In the whole story there are no names at all. What we know of her – she is a bit deaf and has a daughter whose life she destroyed because of her strong beliefs. To describe her character more vividly, to reveal her attitude to other people who are not Americans, the author used the phrases that â€Å"Americans make best husbands† or â€Å"American men are the only men in the world to marry†. The author did it to show the woman`s haughtiness. She stayed deaf both physically and emotionally to the world outside, even to her child. She described everything from a good point of view, but stayed adamant. They were madly in love†, â€Å"He was from a very good family†, â€Å"I took her away, of course†. The problem raised in the story is that people who don`t realize their mistakes, are not willing to understand and improve the situation stay alone in the end. The author doesn`t name the characters to show that there are a lot of such people among us. And this problem still remains a burning one. In conclusion I would like to say that I enjoyed reading the story. It is a very profound one that makes the reader become thoughtful about his own life and desires. All the important things are between the lines.

Sanjivani Medical Times

RNI NO. :DBLBIL/2001/4088 VOL 8, ISSUE 5, APRIL 2011 A Star Media Group Publication INDIA’S AYUSH AND HEALTH TOURISM JOURNAL SKIN LASERS Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN) (Deptt. Of AYUSH, Min. of Health & F. W. , Govt. of India) 61-65, Institutional Area, , Janakpuri, NEW DELHI – 110 058 Tel: 011-28520430, 31, 32; Fax: 28520435 E-mail: ccryn. [email  protected] com Website: www. ccryn. org CCRYN is actively engaged in Research, Development, Promotion, Propagation, Education, Training, Publication etc. Grant-in-aid for Clinical and Literary Research 1 100% Grant-in-aid is given to Yoga & Naturopathy Institutes for conducting research. 2 Grant is provided for translation, publication of ancient Yoga texts and other standard literature based on modern scientific research. Grant-in-aid for TCPC and PCC 3 More than 140 Yoga & Naturopathy Hospitals all over India including remote areas and North Eastern Region are given grant under Treatment-cum-Propagation Centre (30 Bed Hospital – Rs. 9. 00 lakh P. A. ) and Patient Care Centre (20 & 10 Bed Hospitals – Rs. . 00 lakh & Rs. 3. 00 lakh P. A. ) Central Research Institute (CRI) 4 Free land has been taken over from the Government of Karnataka and Haryana for 100 Beds Research Hospital and construction is under progress. Free land of 10 to 20 Acres is being allotted by Govt. of Manipur, Orissa, Assam, Tamil Nadu, and Jharkhand. National Campaign on Yoga & Naturopathy for Holistic Health being conducted all over India. Publicatio ns 1 2 3 4 5 12 Research Monographs since 2005. CDs on Naturopathy & Yoga Therapy in Hindi, English and Tamil. 8 books in Hindi & English. More than 30 brochures, leaflets and booklets in Hindi and English for free distribution. Yogic Prakritik Jeevan, quarterly magazine, in English and Hindi. Yoga & Naturopathy OPDs since 2005 1. 2. 3. 4. Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi RML Hospital, New Delhi Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Fellowship for Ph. D. Scholars since 2006 at Rs. 6,000/- P. M. for 3 years. Yoga Fitness Classes at Delhi-12: 1 Headquarters – 6, Udyog Bhawan – 2, AIIMS – 4 Paramedical Diploma in Naturopathy & Yoga Therapy (DNYT)–2 years from 2011 The yearly financial assistance for the course is Rs. 5. 00 Lakh. Scholarship to the BNYS (Bachelor of Naturopathy and Yogis Sciences) students from 2011: 1 Rs. 5000/- will be given to 110 students from the first year for pursuing the Course outside their State. Other Achievements: 1 The Council has organized several All India level Seminars/Workshops on Yoga & Naturopathy. 2 It is actively participating in various Arogyas and Health Melas. (Prof. Dr. B. T. Chidananda Murthy) Director NEWS ISSUES NEWS MEDICAL RESEARCH Ghulam Nabi Azad noted that the AYUSH systems of medicine are of great antiquity he Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad chaired the meeting of Consultative Committee of Parliament attached to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in New Delhi to specifically discuss the activities of Department of AYUSH. Cutting across party lines the Consultative Committee members lauded the progress made by the Department of AYUSH in the short span of sixteen years since the inception of separate Department for Indian Systems of Medicines and Homeopathy in 1995. Sh Ghulam Nabi Azad noted that the AYUSH systems of medicine are of great antiquity and the Department has been making significant strides in providing an enabling environment to develop these systems with its infrastructure of National Institutes, Research Councils, Pharmacopoeial Laboratories, the Public Sector Undertaking of Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical T Secretary, Department of AYUSH Anil Kumar drew the attention of the members to the new initiatives taken by the Department in the XIth Plan Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad Mauritius Patient at Eye – Q for Lasik Eye Surgery Dr. Vibhuti Sharan MBBS, MS (Ophthalmology) Corporation Limited as also the National Medicinal Plants Board. The Minister highlighted that mainstreaming of AYUSH systems has become a successful strategy in the National Rural Health Mission. He also elaborated on the efforts made by the Department towards ensuring quality control of drugs. The Minister however pointed out the acute shortage of doctors in rural areas and elicited views of the Members in itigating the situation by utilizing the AYUSH doctors to fill the felt need at grass root levels. The Consultative Committee members shared the concern of the Department over some key issues like low capacity reflected in vacancies; pending Utilisation Certificates from States; weak drug enforcement machinery; collaborative research and building quality – drugs, therapies, hospitals, laboratories, teaching colleges. The Members requested the Health Minister to ensure empl oyment and utilization of trained manpower of AYUSH. e-Q, symbol of excellence in eye care and largest chain of super specialty eye clinics across Northern India today executed a special Lasik eye surgery for three patients of the same family who had specially flown down from Mauritius to receive the treatment. Speaking about his Lasik surgery at Eye-Q, Mr. Patoo Jor Roshan said â€Å"I have particularly travelled to India to get my Lasik eye surgery done. I was referred to Eye-Q by a friend who underwent Lasik eye treatment to correct poor eyesight at Eye-Q and has experienced remarkable difference. † E Devi Shetty Targets Medical Tourism In Cayman Isles FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD Without operation Cure Cataract, Glaucoma, Myopia, Hypermetropia & incurable eye diseases of Retina (Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Colour blindness) & different types of eye cancer. Inventor : Em. Prof. Dr. M. S. Basu Senior Ayurvedic Eye Specialist International & National Awardee Dr. Basu with H. E. President, Ex-vice President, Home Minister of State, GOI, Ex-Health Minister, GOI, Ex-Chief Minster, U. P. , Ex-Petrolem Minster, GOI. ‘Minimal Invasive RoboticHeart Surgery NOW ! FIRST TIME IN THE WORLD†¦ Emeritus Prof. Dr. M. S. Basu adds a new chapter in Medical Science by curing Retinoblastoma patient successfully Patients of poor vision, referred by AIIMS-Delhi, Shankaralaya Netralaya-Chennai, Gandhi Eye Hosp. , Aligarh etc. have been cured successfully. Spectacles get removed up to +8. 50 No side effects Recovery of vision within 5 minutes EXPORT COUNCIL PATENTED BY PATENTED BY GOVT. OF INDIA W. T. O. EXPORT LIC. OF GOVT. OF INDIA TM REGN. FROM GOVT. OF INDIA S. S. I. REGD. GOVT. OF U. P. G. M. P. CERTIFIED ISO 9001:2000 For Franchises, only BAMS, BUMS, DHMS,MBBS, & Qualified Optician may be contact Dr. Basu Eye Hospital & Centre to Cure Without Operation 23-B, Ekta Nagar, Bareilly (U. P. ) India. Ph. +91 9997722223, +91 98370 06102, +91 93196 23728 EW DELHI: Safemedtrip has unveiled latest and state of the art ‘Minimal Invasive Robotic Heart Surgery Programme' in the country. This programme will be helpful to the patients, who are suffering from Heart Disease as they will be benefiting from its ‘Minimally Invasive Robotic Heart Surgery Programme' with its latest advances in heart surgery techniques. Robotic Heart Surgery programme is quite affordable at Safemedtrip affiliated hospitals. N NEWS ISSUES Pregnant lady doctors forced to work at AIIMS NEWS PRODUCT LAUNCH country's biggest medical institute, and fighting for our basic rights,† said a senior resident from the Neurosurgery Department on the condition of anonymity. â€Å"We have been using our other unpaid leaves as we are not getting the maternity leaves which are paid leaves. I reach office at 8 in the morning and work till 6 in the evening, and sometimes we have night duty too. This behaviour is completely inhuman,† said another lady doctor from Gynaecology Department on the condition of anonymity. Due to the confounding behaviour of the administration, few of the residents have already left the institute and their job with it, as it was getting impossible for them to work at this stage of pregnancy. â€Å"Two ladies joined last month on a regular basis and wanted maternity leave and the institute is creating hassles. Despite the DGHS order we could get 2+2 (or 3+1) months (unpaid and paid) maternity leave till January this year for most residents. The problem has assumed serious proportions now with recent hassles by AIIMS administration,† said Dr Debjyoti Karmakar, President, Residents Doctor Association (RDA) Sonakshi Sinha New brand ambassador for Fem bout 40 senior resident doctors, who are pregnant, forced to continue with their duties as the administration allegedly isn't allowing them any time off Among other things, AIIMS is also renowned for its pregnancy care. But that only benefits the patients. It appears that the institute is rather callous when dealing with maternity issues of its own employees. At least 42 senior resident doctors who are pregnant are currently working in various departments of the institute. â€Å"I am coming to the hospital even in the 37th week of my pregnancy. We had applied for leave months ago, but the administration is not responding. At this point of pregnancy, all women are asked to take complete bed rest. But here, we are working in the A n the occasion of 100th International Women's Day, Fem, the leading & most trusted beauty brand from the House of Dabur, announced the signing of Bollywood heartthrob Sonakshi Sinha as the new brand ambassador for the brand FEM. The agreement was signed on Tuesday by Ms Sonakshi Sinha and Dabur India Ltd Chief Executive Officer Mr. Sunil Duggal. The first campaign for Fem bleaches featuring Ms Sinha will be launched shortly. O

International business Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International business - Movie Review Example Later in a staff meeting, Sam Rogers (Kevin spacey) reveals to the remaining employees that the company only sacked the underperforming staff thus retaining its best employees as he says, †they were good people and good at their jobs, but you were better. †.When working hours are over, Peter stays behind to work on the unfinished project as the other employees go to celebrate that they haven’t been sacked. Upon completion, he realizes that their firm is hanging on a whisker in the market. He contacts Will (his supervisor) who looks at the findings and calls his boss Sam. Seeing that he can’t handle that big an issue, Sam calls his superiors to an emergency meeting through the night, while at the same time a helicopter brings in the CEO John Tuld (Jeremy irons).Two opinions come to motion as they discuss which actions to take. Jared Cohen (Simon Baker) thinks they should sell all the available firms toxic assets when it’s still early since the market d oes not know of their worthlessness, because as they figured would soon know as opposed to Sam’s strong objection. This opinion is also shared by John Tuld. However, it is john’s mandate to decide which opinion to implement. It’s revealed that Sarah Robinson (Demi Moore) who is the chief risk management officer tried to warn John of the current matter about a year ago, an opinion which he declined. Will and Seth are sent to get Eric who has now arrived at his place. Against his will, Sam implements John’s strategy when the market opens. Sarah and Eric sit in a room earning lots of cash the whole day until the market closes. Sam decides to resign but john talks him into staying for 24 more months, while Peter is promoted. After all, they just survived another financial day as usual. In the final end it all comes back to the main business objective:†survival and

Media Meanings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Meanings - Essay Example Whether we care to admit it or not, there is a great deal of truth behind the statement that we are what the media tells us we are. â€Å"Much of what we share, and what we know, and even what we treasure, is carried to us each second in a plasma of electrons, pixels and ink, underwritten by multinational advertising agencies dedicated to attracting our attention for entirely nonaltruistic reasons† (Twitchell 468). This is achieved to great extent through the process of semiotics. Essentially, ‘semiotics’ is a term used to indicate the process of sign analysis in a given culture for indications of meaning at varying levels. â€Å"Semiology therefore aims to take in any system of signs, whatever their substance and limits; images, gestures, musical sounds, objects, and the complex associations of all these, which form the content of ritual, convention or public entertainment: these constitute, if not languages, at least systems of signification† (Barthes, 19 64). Thus, it refers to any combination of contextual clues, such as language, image, color, shape, expression or placement, that are combined together in order to communicate a specific sense of meaning to a particular cultural group. Understanding the language of semiotics and myth, advertisements such as Intel’s advertisement for its Duo Core 2 processor can be analyzed for their more subtle communicative effects. Primary elements included in any discussion of semiotics include signifiers, signified and sign. The sign is the end product created through the combined forces of the signifier and the signified. The signifier can be described as â€Å"the form which the sign takes† (Chandler, 2006). This is different from the signified, which refers to â€Å"the concept it [the signifier] represents† (Chandler, 2006). Basically, the signifier is the most basic idea – the physical presence of a flower. The

Sensory analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sensory analysis - Essay Example Sensory Analysis involves gathering information from the consumers about the objective facts, preferences, and the perceptions regarding a product. Large firms have traditionally had the advantage of employing a larger amount of money and manpower to implement costly, wide reaching advertising campaigns and experimenting with new product, which may be withdrawn, if not successful. The formulation and marketing of new products is a complex process and there can be many influencing factors such as consumer preferences, the target consumer’s perception of the product and the purchase behavior of the consumers. It is important for firms to have complete knowledge of the market segments that they are targeting their products at. The knowledge of these facts can come from marketing analysis and Sensory analysis. Sensory Analysis is conducted to get information about consumer’s acceptance of a product and in what way the product appeals to his/her senses (asiamarketresearch.com) For conducting sensory analysis, usually third party firms are engaged, a set of ‘naive’ people are requested to test the product. The analysis of their experience is done by collating the results of homogenous groups. These groups represent different socio-economic categories. It is therefore possible to gauge the responses of the groups and determine the product that would most appeal to a particular socio-economic stratum. Sensory Analysis can actually help businesses to come up with different flavors of a particular product by using the collected information. This can be a cost-effective way of pitching the same product to different sets of consumers. Sensory Analysis plays a very prominent role in quality control. Quality has always been described as fit-for-purpose and that which satisfies the requirements. Knowing what the consumer preferences are can be great help in determining the quality

Accounting Principle homework questions Coursework

Accounting Principle homework questions - Coursework Example Companies usually issue two different types of stock, common and preferred. The major difference between common and preferred stock is that common stock results in ownership for the buyer whilst a preferred stock does not. The common stock is traded within the stock market within a country, preferred stock, on the other hand are not traded within such markets. The basic essence and nature of a preferred stock is that it is usually considered a loan, which has to be repaid after a certain period of time. A preferred stock holder gets preference over a common stock holder with respect to the payment of dividends. A common stock holder receives dividend only after all the company’s dues are cleared off. Issuance of bond is similar in nature to receiving a loan. The par/face value of the bond is credited within the Bonds Payable account. If the market interest rate on the bond would be higher coupon rate, it would result in a premium on the bond. 4. Discuss the controversy surrounding the Fair-Value vs. Amortized Cost presentation of the value of stocks, bonds and all other investment securities on the Financial Statement. US GAAP uses Fair Value, US Statutory uses Amortized Cost and IFRS uses a mix of both depending on the security. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, and what do you feel is the best way to value this type of asset? The controversy surrounding Fair Value Accounting and Accrual accounting has been prevalent for quite some time now. The major debate is that when to record the profit or loss on any particular security. According to the Fair Value accounting, gains or losses should be recorded whenever is seems that any security has lost its value i.e. if that security is sold at the current moment. Amortized cost accounting on the other hand favors the recording of gains and losses on the actual happening of the event i.e. when the security is disposed. The major advantage of Fair Value

Cmplaint letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cmplaint letter - Essay Example I then went to my home country to start my process of applying for a graduate school scholarship from the government. In addition, my application to be a non-business degree student in Business school for one semester was approved. Moreover, I was planning to start my GMAT course as full student in Bridge English center as I waited for my official transcript and completion letter to get the scholarship considering the fact that my non-degree course as well as my GMAT course would be catered for. On 11 August 2010, I checked smart system and to my surprise , I learnt that I got an â€Å" I † in Organizational Design, MGMT 4370. This was because my instructor had no grade recorded for the three case studies. However, I had done all the three case studies, two of which she marked and gave back to me. In fact, I have them with me. As for the third case study, we were supposed to have completed and handed it in on the last day of the class, which I did. Unfortunately, I did not make my own copy – I just printed it and handed it in. Attached are all emails, the two case studies that she marked and the transcript. I am aware that she changed the grade later, but she did it so late that I lost the aforementioned opportunities. I now cannot get acceptance in graduate school next spring, owing to a fault that I never committed. I am extremely disappointed! I would greatly appreciate if you would kindly address this

Human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Human resources - Essay Example Current competitive environment has made employees more devoted towards their work and they end up having issues with their personal life (Friedman 2008). Various relationships have experienced breakups due to increased devotion towards work by either one or both members of the couples. Due to problems in personal life, organizations end up paying higher costs (Beard 2011). Researchers have proven that increase in work-life imbalance has resulted in high employee turnover rate, increase in number of days when employees are absent from work, health issues, dissatisfaction from job and life, and increased pressure on managers (Imam 8644). All of these problems are directly linked with decrease in productivity of an organization. When the rate of employee turnover increases, work is halted until empty positions are filled (Beard 2011). When employees do not attend work, the amount of production that they would have been able to conduct is compromised. Dissatisfaction from working condit ions results in de-motivating the workers to work efficiently and effectively, which decreases the quality and the quantity of goods produced. The organizations do not only face loss of productivity due to work life imbalance, they even end up paying higher cost incurred for employee’s psychological health, which is disturbed by this imbalance. Various ways have been continuously pointed out to solve the problem of work-life imbalance; managers need to assess these ways and create programs constituting these methods to increase productivity and increase work-life balance. Managers can offer flexible work timings to employees, for example, managers have to allot a specific number of hours for an employee to work and the employee can decide what bracket of hours he choose to work (Kanter 2010). Managers can assign a work day of 5 hours to an employee and the employee can choose whether to work from 9am to 2pm or 2pm to 7pm etc.

CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS ISSUES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CONTEMPORARY BUSINESS ISSUES - Essay Example ASDA is a supermarket chain with direct focus on its customers and suppliers. It purchases goods from its suppliers and sells them to its customers. It does not have direct influence on its profitability by any other stakeholders. Although customers and suppliers are the main components of ASDA’s profitability, various other stakeholders also have to be considered and taken into account before arriving into any decision. These variables have an indirect effect on the working and profitability of the company. a) Shareholders: The aim of the company should be to maximise the return of the shareholder as they have invested their wealth and time in ASDA. Company should decide that whether the decision taken by the company would be right for the shareholders and their wealth or not. b) Customers: Customers are another important component which should be considered before arriving at any decision. Customers basically want good quality products at the lowest possible price. Company must see that they generate profit meeting the needs and wants of its customer at the most efficient price. Profit should be generated from customer satisfaction and not by their exploitation. ASDA assured its customers regarding the products it made was not an outcome of exploitation but behind the scene its workers were even not getting enough wages. c) Management and employees: These are the pillars of any organisation or company. In ASDA the condition of its employees was worst. If worker’s interest is not checked by the company, they will not work to the best of their capability making the company incompetent. No proper attention was provided to the needs and comforts of the workers. ASDA must check that their profitability motive does not overlook their employees. d) Government: Government is another party who does affect the profitability of the company. Many a times, government intervenes into the working of the business through the formulation of new

Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Analysis - Essay Example Over the past five years the Home Retail Group company has had ups and downs trend in terms of its profits but the gap between the profits is very small, for example the difference in profits between 2012 and 2011 is less than 1% this is an indication that the company maintains its standards of high performance over the period. For example the percentage gross profit for 2010 and 2011 is 45.45%, this was seen in both years, an indication of financial health for the company although not at a very good standards, but it shows that the HRG Company is capable of paying for the operational expenses without financial constraints. There is an increase in percentage of profit margin from 0.11%to 0.055% in the year 2011 and 2012 respectively this an indication that sales are increasingly contributing to the bottom line of the company. This measures how effectively a companys assets are being used to generate profits. It is majorly considered when evaluating the success of a business. A higher number reflects a well managed company with a healthy return on assets. The percent rate of return on assets for Home Retail Group is 0.022% in 2012 although there is a slight increase, there is still a need for improvement in this area to ensure the company can remain competitive and continue to operate successfully. This shows the rate of return on equity capital employed and also measures the ability of a companys management to realize an adequate return on the capital invested by the owners in a company. A higher number is preferred for this ratio. The percent rate of return on equity for Home Retail Group is 0.055% in 2012 and 0.0275% in 2010 there is a slight increase an indication that the management may not be effectively managing the profits earned based on the owners investment in the company. The management should utilize budgets to track expenses on a regular basis, and identify those that are out of line. Assign

Epic of Gilgamesh Essay Example for Free

Epic of Gilgamesh Essay In the epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh ventures upon a quest seeking immortality as a result to peace and significance in life. In means of this journey, Gilgamesh undergoes a combination of grand adventure, of mortality and also of tragedy. He tries to reach immortality in unusual ways, each as unsuccessful as its predecessor. Gilgamesh suffers conflict due to being two-part god and one part man, in a preliterate time, when gods were seemingly to be replaced by mortals on the throne of the city-states. Gilgamesh tries first through his actions, but then undergoes a transformation which leads him to next attempt physical immortality. Through events of this process, Gilgamesh encounters whom is to be his counterpoint, his equal. Gilgamesh then learns, on his journey to immortality, the truth of a man who endures the wrath of a god, in which he has displeased, causing a stage of extermination of mankind. Gilgamesh gains mature knowledge among his quest. Uruk, his city, is his legacy and the key to his quest. The legends of the pursuit for immortality assembled in the Epic of Gilgamesh portray the conflict felt around Sumerian times. As urbanization swept Mesopotamia, the ethnic condition pivoted from an unsettled hunting society to that of a rural gathering society. Man found his relationship with the divine indefinite and insecure. From the gods, Gilgamesh possessed a perfect body, perfect beauty, restlessness and courage. From his father, Gilgamesh possessed mortality. This results in Gilgamesh having to face the ultimate conflict; conflict of the desires of the god and destiny of the man. Even the king, to whom all things were known, would have to confront commands of tragedy. Superior to all mortal, Gilgamesh finds no desirable match in love or in war. Intending to provide a companion, the gods create from Clay, Enkidu. â€Å"Enkidu, the ‘natural man’ reared with wild animals, and as swift as the gazelle† (Gilgamesh, 22). Gilgamesh and Enkidu seemed to equal out each other and quickly became partners. Gilgamesh was made by the gods so therefore has high self confidence, very smart, but extremely arrogant. He felt as if he had â€Å"supreme powers† and that nothing was impossible. Enkidu was raised by animals in the forest. He was brave, smart, and loyal to his new friend. Enkidu helped Gilgamesh discover his humble and kindhearted side by their newfound brotherhood. Even though the first time they met was a long brawl, the two became inseparable brothers. Not only have they fought against each other but they also fought against many other evils. This later concludes in Enkidu’s death and brings Gilgamesh into a sadness he thought he could only overcome if he was immortal. My hand’s strength, the sword in my belt, The shield before me† (Gilgamesh, 62), reveals the nature of Gilgamesh’s relationship with his soul mate, best friend, and loyal companion, Endiku. The gods in Gilgameshs epic are bestowed as being easily agitated and vindictive. Being two-thirds a god himself, Gilgamesh acts of defiance also speak to a bitter aspect of the gods among ancient Mesopotamians. The gods are depicted as being challenging to satisfy, sometimes penalizing without account or granting punishments that seem out of equivalence to violation. Both men face consequence by insulting Ishtar, but Gilgamesh is able to face his own mortality and Enkidu discover s great knowledge of the measure of life. Subsequently, the loss of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s young brother and dear friend landed Gilgamesh in a pit of despair. His equal companion has been overtaken by mortality. On his journey in search of immortality, caused by this fear of death, brought him to Utnapishtim. The man who was blessed with everlasting life after surviving the great flood. Aroused by the outrageousness, Enlil, the god of air, felt, â€Å"In those days the world teemed, the people multiplied and the world bellowed like a wild bull†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The uproar of mankind is intolerable and sleep is no longer possible by reason of the babel† (Gilgamesh, 70). As the advocate of destruction towards human kind, Enlil dominates with his weapon of storm. To his care, Anunnaki, gods of the underworld, cast upon rising waters by lightening. A great flood that will exterminate all mankind has been cursed upon Utnapishtim. â€Å"I looked at the face of the world and there was silence, all mankind was turned to clay† (Gilgamesh, 71). Similar to Noah’s ark, like doves, a swallow and a raven were released. After land was promised, fed to the gods are sacrifices made by Noah and Utnapishtim. In turn, everlasting blessings were cast upon themselves and their families. Utnapishtim challenged Gilgamesh’s commitment to immortality by ordering Gilgamesh to prevail against sleep for six days and seven nights. Gilgamesh fails this request. This journey underscores his humanity, which he did not truly learn a lesson until he first erred in the wrong direction. Therefore, the society, by writing the story of Gilgamesh, guarantees not only his immortality, but the immortality of the new order being established. The Sumerians were the beginning literate culture of Mesopotamia. They carried the gift of language and ideas. In a time when gods were replaced by mortals, Archaic Sumerian civilization was the age. From the oldest of the tablets from Gilgamesh, language relates back to the one of the Sumerians. Through Gilgamesh’s desperate seek to find immortality, he eventually comes back to the point at which he began; however, now he realizes that the beginning point was always the object of his quest.

Protein Casein Food

Protein Casein Food Report -Protein Casein Introduction: Proteins are considered as the third class of macro components of all living systems, and also that of the food stuffs .Proteins are polymers with highly complex structures and their molecular weight ranges from 10,000 to several million. The structure of protein is quite straightforward; they are made up of monomeric units called as Amino acids. These amino acids are mostly linked by a single peptide bond.The range of amino acids is highly limited in number and mostly common to all proteins. Mostly all proteins are mixtures of 20 standard amino acids. The polypeptide bonds of proteins are never branched. The uniqueness of protein lies in the diversity of variation in its structure and function. All proteins have their own sequence of amino acids of defined length. All amino acids that occur in protein have a general formula: R H2NC H COOH Proteins are generally made up of one of the four structure .They may be primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure. Primary structure: They are the sequence of a chain of amino acids. Secondary protein structure: When the sequence of a chain of amino acids is linked by an amino acid. E.g. either alpha helix or pleated sheet. Tertiary protein structure: Three dimensional structure of a protein molecule formed by the spatial arrangement of the secondary structures like alpha helix and pleated sheet. Source: http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/classes/css430/lecture%209-07/figure-09-03.JPG Quaternary protein structure: If a protein has more than one amino acid chain then its called quaternary protein structure. Milk proteins (casein): Milk of cow is the important source of protein for man and most importantly for children. Milk is a mixture of aqueous solution of proteins, lactose, minerals and certain vitamins which carry emulsified fat globules and casein micelles which have protein along with phosphate, citrate, and calcium. The fat removed milk is called skimmed milk. If the pH of the skim milk is reduced to 4.6 at 20C, the casein is precipitated and the residue is called whey or serum. The proportion of different casein in milk varies and so does the whey. The content of casein vary in different types of milk like in cows milk it accounts for 80% where as in human milk its just 40%. The various proportion of casein in skimmed milk is shown in the below table: Casein proteins (80%) Skimmed milk protein% ÃŽ ±-Casein 40 ÃŽ ²-Casein 24 χ-Casein 12 ÃŽ ³-Casein 4 Source: Coultate,T.P.1989.Food-The Chemistry of its Components.2nd ed.London: The Royal society of Chemistry The Greek letters that are used in casein proteins are used on basis of the protein mobility in electrophoresis. The‘s in ÃŽ ± s-casein refers to its sensitivity to precipitation by the calcium ion. Where as ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², χ, and ÃŽ ³ define particular protein species, it has been discovered that there are lots of different versions of each that only differ slightly in their amino acid sequences. For example, ÃŽ ± s1C casein is different from that of ÃŽ ± s1B casein by having glycine residue instead of glutamic acid residue at position 192 in the polypeptide chain. With these advancements one can even identify the breed of cow from which the sample milk was obtained by examining the proportions of these variants. Heterogeneity of caseins: Heterogeneity is seen in caseins. For example, in bovine casein there are four major types of casein .They are ÃŽ ± s1, ÃŽ ± s2, ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ º-casein. Each of these at least exhibit micro heterogeneity in one of the below reasons: Variation in the degree of phosphorylation. Variation in the degree of glycosylation in ÃŽ º-casein alone. Genetically controlled substitution in the amino acids, which results in the genetic polymorphism. Proteolysis of the indigenous proteinases. Molecular properties of casein: Casein are well characterized proteins and indeed they are quite small proteins, with a molecular mass say around 20-25kDa .Which is the main reason for their high stability. For example ÃŽ ²-casein has high level of proline say like 35 out of the 209 amino acids are proline which is equally distributed. Due to the presence of high level of proline the alpha helix, beta-sheets and beta-turns are absent. Casein are generally hydrophobic .Apart from this it is also said that caseins have very low secondary and tertiary structures .As they lack secondary structures its been told that they are very flexible and unstable which makes it ‘rheomorphic'(they are so flexible in solution that they can adopt any structure dictated by the environment).The lack of stable secondary and tertiary structures also make them stable against denaturing agents like heat and urea. This latter property also confers good foaming and emulsifying property on casein. This also makes casein readily susceptible to proteolysis. These properties of casein make them unique in dietary applications like in that of cheese ripening etc. Properties of the principal caseins in cows milk: protein molecular mass Amino acids proline residues cysteine residues PO4 group concentration(g/L) glycoprotein genetic variants ÃŽ ± s1 -casein 23164 199 17 0 8 10 no A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H ÃŽ ± s2-Casein 25388 207 10 2 10 2.6 no A, B, C, D ÃŽ ²-casein 23983 209 35 0 5 9.3 no A1, A2, A3, B, C, D, E, F, G ÃŽ º-casein 19038 169 20 2 1 10.3 yes A, B, C, E, FS, FI, GS, GS Table2: Properties of caseins present in cows Milk. Source:Yada, Rickey Yoshio,  1954-, Proteins in food processing ,pg29-62,Knovel firm Role of casein in dairy products: In western countries, Dairy products account for about 30% of the daily dietary energy, lipids and protein. And even some of the vitamins are also got from dairy products like riboflavin and vitamin B12.Minerals also come into this list, followed by calcium it is also estimated that 80% of calcium is obtained from dairy products. Some of the functions of caseins in dairy products are given below: Pasteurized liquid milk Appearance, heat stability, mouth feel and flavor. fermented milks Gel formation, mouth feel, flavor, syneresis of the gel and rheology Creams Emulsion stability, rheology (body) and whippability. ice creams Emulsion stability, rheology (body) and whippability Milk powders wettability , dispersibility,solubility,flavor,color and other uses which depend upon the end use of the product Cheese texture, body and other rheological properties; functional properties such as meltability, stretchability, sliceability, adhesiveness, water-binding Properties; (off-) flavors. Coultate, T.P. Food-the Chemistry of Its Components. second ed. london: The Royal society of Chemistry 1989 The precipitation of casein is the basic process involved in cheese making .In case of yogurt and some cottage cheese the precipitation is brought up by low pH. Functional food properties of casein (dairy products): Functional food is nothing but if a food ingredient or food provides some kind of health benefit which doesnt include the traditional nutrient it contains then it can be called as a functional food. Some of the common functional food characteristics of dairy products are Anti-microbial including control of gut micro flora, Anti-viral, Binding of E coli and cholera enter toxins, Anti-cancer, Immunomodulation, Anti-oxidative, Opioid effects Retard osteoporosis. The bioactive peptides of casein are responsible for most of these functional properties like Casein glycomacropeptide which is responsible in Cancer Prevention, Immunomodulation, Diet Suppression, and Cardiovascular Effects (cholesterol reduction). Fractionation of casein: Its possible to fractionate whole casein into its component proteins from 1940 but it is limited to laboratory .It is done by exploiting the difference in solubility in the solution of urea pH4.6 or cacl2 .Its is also done by various chromatography methods but unfortunately none of these methods are suitable for industrial scale production of individual casein. But there is a huge scope or opportunity for this because: The Beta casein has high surface activity hence they can be used has good emulsifying or good foaming agents. Human milk contains beta casein and k-casein .Alpha casein is almost absent in human milk hence the beta casein will be an attractive ingredient of bovine milk based infant formulae. As k-casein is responsible for the stability of the casein micelle it can be used in some of the milk products. Latest discoveries have revealed that fortification of milk with Beta-casein improves cheese making properties. One of the successful methods of separation of beta casein is from skimmed milk by using rennet. source:http://classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_protein.html source:http://classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_protein.html The Casein micelle The Casein in milk exist as colloidal particles of 50-500nm, which are called as casein micelles. The casein micelles of milk are roughly spherical particles. Milk has about 1015 micelles dm-3.A casein micelle contain approximately about 2104 casein molecules. Of all structure models slattery and evards model comes near to accounting all the observed properties of casein. According to them micelle is an aggregate of sub micelles each consisting of 25-30 molecules of all types of casein in roughly similar proportions to those in milk as a whole. Figure : A casein micelle; A: a submicelle; B: protruding chain; C: Calcium phosphate; D: ÃŽ º-casein; E: phosphate groups Source: www.food-info.net/uk/protein/milk.htm Casein micelles are stable to: -Compaction-Pellet that was recovered from ultracentrifugation can be readily redispersed. -Homogenization at normal or high pressure -Also to high Ca2+ concentrations, up to 200mM, at temperatures upto 50C However number things can destabilize, redisperse or affect the casein micelle hence they are usually destabilsed in certain food products like cheese etc. Conclusion: As its clear that casein has a great potential as a functional food more research should be carried out in this field. More studies should be undertaken in bioactive peptides of casein which are released by the enzymatic hydrolysis which have a huge role in cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease prevention etc.As they are good emulsifying and foaming agents they can be extensively used in food industry. Reference: Milk Proteins. Wageningen University, http://www.food-info.net/uk/protein/milk.htm http://209.85.141.104/search?q=cache:uIjin-nhDmIJ:www.uft-plovdiv.bg/bg/Functional%2520Dairy%2520Foods.doc+functional+food+and+caseinhl=enct=clnkcd=17gl=auclient=firefox-a. Coultate, T.P. Food-the Chemistry of Its Components. second ed. london: The Royal society of Chemistry 1989 Harper, W. James. Functional Aspects of Dairy Foods , 2003. Yada, Rickey Yoshio. Proteins in Food Processing. Place Published, 1954. Hurley, Walter L. Milk Composition Proteins. http://classes.ansci.uiuc.edu/ansc438/Milkcompsynth/milkcomp_protein.html. 7. Cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/classes/css430/lecture%209-07/figure-09- 03.JPG

The Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay

The Difference Between Traditional File Systems Information Technology Essay Wikipedia The traditional filing system is a method of storing and arranging computer files and the information in the file. Basically it organizes these files into a database for the storage, organization, manipulation, and retrieval by the computers operating system. For this method, a file name is assigned to a file in order to secure storage location in the computer memory or data storage devices such as hard disks or CD-ROMs are used to maintain the physical location of the files. By this file name a file can be further accessed. Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or not, file systems typically have directories which associate file names with files, usually by connecting the file name to an index in a file allocation table. A new concept for file management is the concept of a database-based file system. Files are identified by their characteristics, like type of file, topic, author, etc (DBMS) consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. This system can be categorized according to the database model and the type of computer that they support such as a server cluster or a mobile phone, the query language(s) that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery, performance trade-offs, such as maximum scale or maximum speed or others. Some DBMS cover more than one entry in these categories, e.g., supporting multiple query languages. Meanwhile database management systems are usually accessed in a client-server manner, where the database client and the server are located on different machines (in a local area network). Both systems deal with information management. File-based System File-based systems were an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. File-based system is a collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users, such as updating, insertion, deletion adding new files to database etc. Each program defines and manages its data. When a computer user wants to store data electronically they must do so by placing data in files. Files are stored in specific locations on the hard disk (directories). The user can create new files to place data in, delete a file that contains data, rename the file, etc which is known as file management; a function provided by the Operating System (OS). Advantages of traditional file based system Disadvantages of traditional file based system No need of external storage Provides less security. No need of a highly technical person to handle the database. Redundancy is more. Processing speed is high as compared to DBMS Less integrity. High complexity in updating of database. Table 1.1.1 Database Management System The improvement of the File-Based System (FBS) was the Database Management System (DBMS) which came up in the 60s. The Database Management System removed the trouble of manually locating data, and having to go through it. The user could create a suitable structure for the data beforehand, to place the information in the database that the DBMS is managing. Hence, the physical organizing of files is done away with and provides the user with a logical view of the data input. A database is a collection of interrelated information stored in a database server; these data will be stored in the form of tables. The primary aim of database is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information fast and in an efficient manner. Advantages Control of data redundancy Although the database approach does not remove redundancy completely, it controls the amount of redundancy in the database. Data consistency By removing or controlling redundancy, the database approach reduces the risk of inconsistencies occurring. It ensures all copies of the idea are kept consistent. More information from the same amount of data With the amalgamation of the operated data, it is possible to derive additional information for the same data. Sharing of data Database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. Improved data integrity Database integrity provides the validity and consistency of stored data. Integrity is usually expressed in terms of constraints, which are consistency rules that the database is not permitted to violate. Improved security Provides protection of data from unauthorized users. It will require user names and passwords to identify user type and their access right in the operation including retrieval, insertion, updating and deletion. Enforcement of standards The integration of the database enforces the necessary standards including data formats, naming conventions, documentation standards, update procedures and access rules. Economy of scale Cost savings can be obtained by combining all organizations operational data into one database with applications to work on one source of data. Balance of conflicting requirements By having a structural design in the database, the conflicts between users or departments can be resolved. Decisions will be based on the base use of resources for the organization as a whole rather than for an individual person. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness By having integration in the database approach, data accessing can cross departmental boundaries. This feature provides more functionality and better services to the users. Increased productivity The database approach provides all the low-level file-handling routines. The provision of these functions allow the programmer to concentrate more on the specific functionality required by the users. The fourth-generation environment provided by the database can simplify the database application development. Improved maintenance Provides data independence. As a change of data structure in the database will affect the application program, it simplifies database application maintenance. Increased concurrency Database can manage concurrent data access effectively. It ensures no interference between users that would not result any loss of information or loss of integrity. Improved backing and recovery services Modern database management system provides facilities to minimize the amount of processing that can be lost following a failure by using the transaction approach. Disadvantages Complexity A difficult software. All users must be familiar with its functionality and take full advantage of it. Therefore, training for the administrators, designers and users is required. Size Uses a substantial amount of main memory as well as large amount of disk space in order to make it run efficiently. Cost of DBMS A multi-user database management system may be very expensive. Even after the installation, there is a high regular annual maintenance cost on the software. Cost of conversion When moving from a file-base system to a database system, the company is required to have additional expenses on hardware acquisition and training cost. Performance As the database approach is to cater for many applications rather than exclusively for a particular one, some applications may not run as fast as before. Higher impact of a failure Increases the vulnerability of the system due to the centralization. As all users and applications reply on the database availability, the failure of any component can bring operations to a halt and affect the services to the customer seriously. The difference between TFS and DBMS Balajee B. (2005), There are number of characteristics that differ from traditional file management system to database management system. In file system approach, each user implements the required files for a specific application to run. (Example: in a sales department of an enterprise, one user will be maintaining the details of the number of sales personnel in that department and their grades. These details will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Another user will maintain the salary details of these sales personnel and the detailed salary report will be stored and maintained in a separate file. Although both of the users need the data of the salespersons, they will be having their details in separate files and they need different programs to operate their files.) When such data is isolated in separate files, it is difficult to access data that should be available for both users. This will lead to wastage of space and redundancy or replication of data, which may lead to c onfusion, as sharing of data among various users is not possible and data inconsistency may occur. These files will not be having any inter-relationship among the data stored in these files. Therefore in traditional file processing every user will be defining their own constraints and implement the files according to their needs. In database approach, a single store of data is maintained that is defined once and then accessed by many users, as database belongs to the entire organization and can be shared by all authorized users. The essential characteristic of database approach is that the database system not only contains data but it contains complete definition or description of the database structure and control. These definitions are stored in a system catalog, which contains the information about the structure and definitions of the database. The information stored in the catalog is called the metadata, it describes the primary database. Hence this approach will work on any type of database for example, insurance database, Airlines, banking database, Finance details, and Enterprise information database. But in traditional file processing system the application is developed for a specific purpose and they will access specific database only. But the processing speed in TFS is high compared to DBMS. The other main characteristic of the database is that it will allow multiple users to access the database at the same time and sharing of data is possible. The database must include concurrency control software to ensure that several users trying to update the same data at the same time, it should maintain in a controlled manner. In file system approach many programmers will be creating files over a long period and various files have different format, in various application languages, where duplication of data can occur. This redundancy in storing same data multiple times leads to higher costs and wastage of space. This may result in data inconsistency in the application; this is because update is done to some of the files only and not all of the files. Moreover in database approach multiple views can be created; External view User/Application view, Conceptual view Logical view, Internal view Details about the structure of data and physical storage of information. View is a tailored representation of information contained in one or more tables. View is also called as Virtual table because view does not contain physically stored records and will not occupy any space. A multi-user database whose users have variety of applications must provide facilities for defining multiple views. In traditional file system, if any changes are made to the structure of the files it will affect all the programs. Therefore, changes to the structure of a file will require to change all programs that access the file and whereby data dependence will be lost. But in the case of database approach the structure of the database is stored separately in the system catalog from the access of the application programs. This property is known as program-data independence. Database can also be used for continuous storage for program objects and data structures that resulted in object oriented database approach. Traditional systems suffered from impedance mismatch problem and difficulty in accessing the data, which is avoided in object oriented database system. Database can be used to represent complex relationships among data as well as to retrieve and update related data easily and efficiently. Hence DBMS does not automatically remove redundancies, but help to control redundancy. It is possible to define and enforce integrity constraints for the data stored in the database. The database also provides facilities for recovering hardware and software failures, as it has automatic and intelligent backup and recovery procedures. It reduces the application development time considerably when compared to the file system approach and availability of up-to-date information of all the users. It also provides security to the data stored in the database system and maintains integrity. A highly technical person will be required to handle the database, while for TFS, it is not so. File-based systems are very dependent upon the application programmer. Any required queries or reports have to be written by the application programmer. Normally, a fixed format query or report can only be entertained and no facility for ad-hoc queries if offered. DBMS has data independence. The way information is stored and the way information issued is independent of each other. File-based systems also give tremendous pressure on data processing staff, with users complaints on programs that are inadequate or inefficient in meeting their demands. Documentation may be limited and maintenance of the system is difficult. Provision for security, integrity and recovery capability is very limited. Whereas, DBMS has control over security as it provides tools such as use of User Code, Password / Privileges and Roles to ensure security of data. Data, Field, Record, and File are the main components of Database environment. Briefly explain those. Data Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), Distinct pieces of information usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a persons mind. Strictly speaking, data is the plural of datum, a single piece of information. In practice, however, people use data as both the singular and plural form of the word. The term data is often used to distinguish binary machine-readable information from textual human-readable information. For example, some applications make a distinction between data files (files that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data). In database management systems, data files are the files that store the database information, whereas other files, such as index files and data dictionaries, store adminis trative information, known as metadata. Field Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells. Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual; some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name. In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated. A required field is one in which you must enter data, while an optional field is one you may leave blank. A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field; the system automatically determines the correct value. A collection of fields is called a record. Record Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. In relational database management systems, records are called tuples. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. In database management systems, a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. Figure 1.2.1 Source Author Anon., File Webopedia (Anon., n.d.), A collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files: data files, text files, program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text. What is the Importance of DBMS in a Defense Organization and in an Education Department? Defence Organization Benjamin (n.d.), A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computers of an organization and its end users. It allows organizations to place control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. As organizations develop with time, their adoption to the latest technologies in the computer field becomes a necessity. A Defence organization is no different. In these turbulent times, when national security is more important, providing all Defence personnel with access to the latest technology and education opportunities not only directly contributes to Defence capability but also improve the defence personnels career development. Hence the importance of a DBMS in such an organization like Defence is vital. Because Database administrators could use this system to configure and operate databases as the software provides high level, privileged database access. But the management should restrict use of this software to authorized personnel. One function of the database administrator is to create particular views of information stored in the database that are unique for each type of user. For example, one officer will have a different view of information in the database than another, say Senior officer. The different user groups will also have different abilities to add, modify, or delete information. The database administrator is responsible for providing users with access to the appropriate level of information. The primary risk associated with database administration is that an administrator can alter sensitive data without those modifications being detected. A secondary risk is that an administrator can change access rights to information stored within the database as well as their own access rights. Database security is the last line of defence. So it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external. The sensitivity and classification of the information stored in the database form the basis for establishing controls. A database that stores confidential information may require a more significant control environment than a database that stores non-sensitive information. Management should consider the security and performance implications of the security options available with modern database management systems. Database security professionals and information security and risk management professionals could adopt a security strategy in DBMS to: 1) Align database security policies with information security policies; 2) Ensure well-defined and formalized database security procedures; 3) Enforce role separation; and 4) Apply advanced security measures such as database auditing, monitoring, database encryption, data masking, and vulnerability assessment to all critical databases that store private data. The DBMS can provide long-term benefits for the Defence organization reducing duplication of data and making it easier for HR to update personnel records. If not for DBMS, each time there was a personnel change, trainers would have to go through their entire content to make the necessary changes. Now, replacing Brigadier Xs picture in the content library with Commodore Ys picture can be automatically replicated through all relevant programs. Thereby reduce its expenditure on storage. But, initial training will be required for all programmers and users. Even though database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design, there is greater data integrity and independence from applications programs and Education Department Sue Bushell (2004), To improve teaching and learning with the help of modern information and communication technology eLearning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. E-learning comprises all forms of electronically supported learning and teaching. The Information and communication systems, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process. E-learning services have evolved since computers were first used in education. There is a trend to move towards blended learning services, where computer-based activities are integrated with practical or classroom-based situations. E-learning is essentially the computer and network-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. E-learning applications and processes include Web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom opportunities and digital collaboration. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It can be self-paced or instructor-led and includes media in the form of text, image, animation, streaming video and audio The definition of e-learning varies depending on the organization and how it is used but basically it involves electronic means of communication, education, and training. Regardless of the definition you chose to use, designers, developers, and implementers make or break the instructional courses and tools. E-learning is simply a medium for delivering learning and like any other medium, it has its advantages and disadvantages. E-learning covers a wide array of activities from supported learning, to blended or hybrid learning (the combination of traditional and e-learning practices), to learning that occurs 100% online. As per wikipedia.org, the worldwide e-learning industry is estimated to be worth over $48 billion US according to conservative estimates. Developments in internet and multimedia technologies are the basic enabler of e-learning, with consulting, content, technologies, services and support being identified as the five key sectors of the e-learning industry. E-learning is naturally suited to distance learning and flexible learning, but can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face teaching, in which case the term Blended learning is commonly used. E-Learning pioneer Bernard Luskin argues that the E must be understood to have broad meaning if e-learning is to be effective. Luskin says that the e should be interpreted to mean exciting, energetic, enthusiastic, emotional, extended, excellent, and educational in addition to electronic that is a traditional national interpretation. This broader interpretation allows for 21st century applications and brings learning and media psychology into the equation. E-Learning can also refer to educational web sites such as those offering learning scenarios, worksheets and interactive exercises for children. The term is also used extensively in the business sector where it generally refers to cost-effective online training There are many advantages to online and computer-based learning when compared to traditional face-to-face courses and lectures. There are a few disadvantages as well. Advantages of eLearning (Anon., n.d) E-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. Cost effective E-learning is more cost effective than traditional learning because less time and money is spent traveling. Since e-learning can be done in any geographic location and there are no travel expenses, this type of learning is much less costly than doing learning at a traditional institute.   Flexibility Flexibility is a major benefit of e-learning. E-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Education is available when and where it is needed. E-learning can be done at the office, at home, on the road, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week.   Learners  like e-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles.  They have the advantage of learning at their own pace. Students can also learn through a variety of activities that apply to many different learning styles. Learners can fit e-learning into their busy schedule. If they hold a job, they can participate in eLearning right at their desk. If the learner needs to do the learning at night, then this option is available while in their pajamas and do the learning if they desire.   Personalized learning E-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web.  Learners are able to find information relevant to their personal situations and interest. E-learning allows selection of  learning materials that meet their level of knowledge, interest and what they need to know to perform more effectively in an activity.   E-learning is more focused on the learner and it is more interesting for the learner because it is information that they want to learn. E-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners. Develops knowledge E-learning helps develop knowledge of the Internet. This knowledge will help learners throughout their careers. E-learning encourages students to take personal responsibility for their own learning. When learners succeed, it builds self-knowledge and self-confidence Disadvantages of eLearning Access One disadvantage of eLearning is that learners need to have access to a computer as well as the Internet. They also need to have computer skills with programs such as word processing, Internet browsers, and e-mail. Without these skills and software it is not possible for the  learner to succeed in eLearning.   E-learners need to be very comfortable using a computer. Slow Internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials difficult. This may cause the learners to get frustrated and give up.   Software and files Another disadvantage of e-learning is managing computer files, software comfortability and learning new software, including e-learning. For learners with beginner-level computer skills it can sometimes seem complex to keep their computer files organized.  The lesson points you to download a file which the learner does and later cannot find the file. The file is downloaded to the folder the computer automatically opens to rather than a folder  chosen by the learner. This file may be lost or misplaced to the learner without good computer organizational skills. High motivation E-learning also requires time to complete especially those with assignments and interactive collaborations. This means that students have to be highly motivated and responsible because all the work they do is on their own. Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may not complete modules and may fall behind Isolation Another disadvantage of e-learning is that students may feel isolated and unsupported while learning. Instructions are not always available to help the learner so learners need to have discipline to work independently without assistance. E-learners may also become bored with no interaction with instructors or classmates.   Without the routine structures of a traditional class, students may get lost or confused about course activities and deadlines. Instructor may not always be available when students are studying or need help Conclusion Today many technologies can be, and are, used in e-learning, from blogs to collaborative software, E-Portfolios, and virtual classrooms. Most e-learning situations use combinations of these techniques. Even though the hardware and software start-up are costly, the advantages are; reduced data redundancy, reducing updating errors and increased consistency, greater data integrity and independence from applications programs, improved data access to users through use of host and query languages, improved data security and availability of facilitated development of new application programs and ability for intensive research are the benefits of DBMS. Task 2 Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model which describes the content and structure of the data held by the Medi Check Hospital. Produce the resulting tables of above Medi Check Hospital and clearly indicating the primary and foreign keys. Data Tables Doctor DoctorID (primary) Lname Fname Address Phone Pager Specialty Location Availability Patient PatientNo (primary) PatientFirstName PatientLastName PatientAddress PatientTelNo PatientDob PatientMaritalStatus PatientDateRegistered Appointment AppointmentNo (primary) PatientName Date/Time PatientTelNo Symptom SymptomCode (primary), SymptomName Description Treatment TreatmentTitle (primary) TreatmentType Duration Status TreatmentCost Medication MedicationNo (primary) MedicationType SideEffect Dosage Frequency Severity MedicationBrandName MedicationManufactureName MedicationManufactureAddress MedicationManufactureTel Normalize these tables to ensure that are all in BCNF. Show the steps you have taken in normalizing the tables. UNF Medication (DoctorID, Lname, Fname, Address, Phone, Pager, Specialty, Location, Availability, PatientNo, PatientFirstName, PatientLastName, PatientAddress, PatientTelNo, PatientDob, PatientMaritalStatus, PatientDateRegistered, AppoinmentNo, PatientName, Date/Time, PatientTelNo, SymptomCode, SymptomName, Description, TreatmentTitle, TreatmentTy

William Shakespeare and His Works Essay -- William Shakespeare biograp

William Shakespeare, the figure to whom the most influential works of literature in history are credited, was born in April of 1564 (the exact date is approximated as April 23rd, also the date given as his death fifty-two years later) in Stratford, England to John and Mary Shakespeare. He grew up in relatively middle-class surroundings, attending grammar school and studying Latin, logic, and literature, from which he graduated to marry a woman by the name of Anne Hathaway. With Hathaway he had three children, two girls and a son, and as a playwright and poet, Shakespeare went on to enjoy moderate success in his time, writing thirty-seven (known) plays and several works of poetry. Of course his plays would be well underappreciated during his time (as with all great artists), but later, such titles as King Lear, Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth would only begin a list of some of the most appraised scripts ever written (Armstrong, 1-5). While these plays carry the weight of Shakespeare’s legacy, he was also a dedicated poet. During the years of the black plague in the late 16th century, theaters were closed from 1592 until 1594, and Shakespeare spent his time writing lengthy poetry, including Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucree, and continued work on his sonnets, a volume of poems which he wrote over a span of about a decade. This book of sonnets has raised some of the most captivating questions in all of literature, as their vagueness and mysterious allusions have puzzled critics for centuries, who attempt to use them to piece together parts of Shakespeare’s life, of which relatively little is known. One of the most frequently investigated questions is that of Shakespeare’s sexuality; the so... ...ne or the other, some fascinating truth about the author himself, as though he intended to leave it there. After all, when one gives the book of sonnets to a loved one as a traditional gift, does one bare in mind that the sonnets praising love and beauty are more than likely written to a man, while those written to a woman are of darkness and remorse? Certainly, at least hopefully, not. Whatever the case may be, the sonnets were written from the heart, with an honest pen and a true heart, something that can be appreciated by any generation. It has been said that Shakespeare can be seen as â€Å"nothing less than the inventor of the human,† (Keevak, 68). What Shakespeare did intend to leave us with was something beautiful that can be appreciated in whatever context we may chose to present it, so long as the humanity that these works contain is preserved.

Criticism of Religious Hypocrites in Molieres Tartuffe Essay -- Tartu

Criticism of Religious Hypocrites in Tartuffe      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moliere rocked the 17th century French world with his comedy "Tartuffe" in 1664. Although, religious factions kept the play banned from theatres from 1664-1669, "Tartuffe" emerged from the controversy as one of the all-time great comedies. Tartuffe is a convincing religious hypocrite. He is a parasite who is sucking Orgon, the rich trusting father, for all he is worth. Orgon does not realize that Tartuffe is a phony, and caters to his every whim. For instance, he reneges on his promise to let his daughter Mariane, marry Valere. Instead he demands that she wed Tartuffe, whom she despises. He also banishes his own son, Damis, from his house for speaking out against Tartuffe and all of his son's inheritance is promised to Tartuffe.    Tartuffe is nothing more than a traveling confidence man who veils his true wickedness with a mask of piety. Orgon and his mother Madame Pernelle are completely taken in by this charade. On the other hand, Cleante, Elmire, and Dorine see Tartuffe for the fake that he really is. Cleante is Orgon's wise brother who speaks elegantly about Tartuffe's hypocrisy. Through Cleante, Moliere most plainly reveals his theme.    Spare me your warnings, Brother; I have no fear Of speaking out, for you and Heaven to hear, Against affected zeal and pious knavery. There's true and false in piety, as in bravery, And just as those whose courage shines the most In battle, are least inclined to boast, So those whose hearts are truly pure and lowly Don't make a flashy show of being holy (Meyer 1466).    In speeches such as these, Moliere wanted to get across the fact that it was false piety he was condemni... ...rtuffe" historically it becomes clear the courage it took for Moliere to perform this play, knowing that he would be ostracized by the church for the rest of his life. At Moliere's death, Bishop Bossuet said, "God is showing his anger against Moliere" (Bishop X). However, by using the historical viewpoint, we can see that Moliere actually died a hero, knowing that he had always fought for what he believed.       Works Cited Bishop, Morris. Eight Plays By Moliere. New York: The Modern Library, 1957. Fernandez, Ramon. Moliere: The Man Seen Through the Plays. New York: Hill and Wang, 1958. Gassner, John. Comedies of Moliere. New York: The Book League of America, 1946. Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1989. Walker, Hallam. Moliere. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.    Criticism of Religious Hypocrites in Moliere's Tartuffe Essay -- Tartu Criticism of Religious Hypocrites in Tartuffe      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moliere rocked the 17th century French world with his comedy "Tartuffe" in 1664. Although, religious factions kept the play banned from theatres from 1664-1669, "Tartuffe" emerged from the controversy as one of the all-time great comedies. Tartuffe is a convincing religious hypocrite. He is a parasite who is sucking Orgon, the rich trusting father, for all he is worth. Orgon does not realize that Tartuffe is a phony, and caters to his every whim. For instance, he reneges on his promise to let his daughter Mariane, marry Valere. Instead he demands that she wed Tartuffe, whom she despises. He also banishes his own son, Damis, from his house for speaking out against Tartuffe and all of his son's inheritance is promised to Tartuffe.    Tartuffe is nothing more than a traveling confidence man who veils his true wickedness with a mask of piety. Orgon and his mother Madame Pernelle are completely taken in by this charade. On the other hand, Cleante, Elmire, and Dorine see Tartuffe for the fake that he really is. Cleante is Orgon's wise brother who speaks elegantly about Tartuffe's hypocrisy. Through Cleante, Moliere most plainly reveals his theme.    Spare me your warnings, Brother; I have no fear Of speaking out, for you and Heaven to hear, Against affected zeal and pious knavery. There's true and false in piety, as in bravery, And just as those whose courage shines the most In battle, are least inclined to boast, So those whose hearts are truly pure and lowly Don't make a flashy show of being holy (Meyer 1466).    In speeches such as these, Moliere wanted to get across the fact that it was false piety he was condemni... ...rtuffe" historically it becomes clear the courage it took for Moliere to perform this play, knowing that he would be ostracized by the church for the rest of his life. At Moliere's death, Bishop Bossuet said, "God is showing his anger against Moliere" (Bishop X). However, by using the historical viewpoint, we can see that Moliere actually died a hero, knowing that he had always fought for what he believed.       Works Cited Bishop, Morris. Eight Plays By Moliere. New York: The Modern Library, 1957. Fernandez, Ramon. Moliere: The Man Seen Through the Plays. New York: Hill and Wang, 1958. Gassner, John. Comedies of Moliere. New York: The Book League of America, 1946. Meyer, Michael. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1989. Walker, Hallam. Moliere. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.   

Educational Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Learning School Ess

Educational Goals and Philosophy It was the last day of school. My daughter's 3rd grade class had just chosen to have me read to them instead of playing a game. As I explained that we wouldn't be able to finish the rest of the chapter book I had begun several weeks before, I suggested "You can check it out at the library and finish it over the summer". One little girl looked up at me in disappointment and said, "but it wouldn't be the same as hearing you read"! My heart melted and the final reason was added to my ongoing mental list of why I should begin to pursue a teaching degree at the age of 35. Children are creative, enthusiastic, honest, inquisitive, loving, and full of energy! Yet at times they become easily bored, disappointed, frustrated, indignant, and stubborn. Even with all these seemingly contrasting characteristics in common, each child is a unique person with talent and potential for achievement, but also different learning styles. As a teacher, helping to develop each child's capacity for learning will be compounded by many factors. Such as, emotional or personal turmoil due to family issues at home, personality and temperament conflicts within the classroom, learning disabilities, physical disabilities, and the simple fact that there are too many children to teach at the same time. With all these different needs in the classroom, good classroom management is a must in order to begin to determine what will work best for each child. Keeping disruption of time to a minimum will require consistency in discipline. Rules that are easy to understand and created wi th the students are my goal, with consequences followed through consistently in order to establish a sense of fairness and security to each s... ...Bachelor's Degree in Elementary Education here at Concord College. I would like to complete several years experience in the classroom, preferably the early grades, and at that time I hope to begin the requirements for my Master's Degree, if available, here at Concord also. I plan to stay in the Southern West Virginia area, as I have strong family ties here, having been raised in Raleigh County. Teaching is a dream I have had for several years now, motivated by the challenges and rewards of parenting, and by volunteering in my own children's classrooms. Becoming a teacher is a natural extension of being a parent, where the roles of both are training and guiding young lives in order to prepare them for the adult world. Choosing the path of the teacher will allow me to continue to experience one of the greatest joys in life - making a difference in the life of a child.

Enron, the Smartest Guys in the Room Essay

Enron was involved in American’s largest corporate bankruptcy. It is a story about people, and in reality it is a tragedy. Enron made their stock sky rocket through unethical means, and in reality this company kept losing money. The primary value operating among the traders was greed, money, and how to make profits under any circumstance. The traders thought that a good trader is a creative trader and the creative trader can find any arbitrage opportunity. Arbitrage opportunity was defined for the trades as the opportunity to make abnormal profits. The traders rocked the prices of electricity over the roof on the consumers’ accounts. Traders discovered that they could create artificial shortages of electrical power so they could push the price of energy higher. With this strategy the west coast traders were able to make almost 2 billion dollars for Enron. The traders never stepped back and asked themselves if what they were doing was ethical; it is in their long term interest; does it help them if they totally defrauded California; does it advanced their goal in nationwide deregulation? Instead, they have pulled from every loop they could have to get the profit from California’s misery. It was released in the court that traders knew they are doing something wrong. The traders that were not comfortable with Enron’s style had only two options. They could have protected themselves from the guild by leaving the company or stay in the game, and blindly follow the orders from the authorities. Those traders would not ask any questions because they were afraid that they would only confirm what they suspected would be true. Therefore, they tried to protect themselves from remorse. We need to ask what the motivation of traders to behave this way was. It was the vision of fat bonuses and Enron’s ability to exploit the darker side of the traders. The traders lost their sense of morality. Once the traders accepted the idea of inhumanity it was acceptable for them to continue with their unethical behavior. The moral compass is our natural feeling that makes people know what is right and wrong and how they should behave. If the working environment does not have moral standards and the individual is not strong enough to step aside, he/she will be drag down and lose their moral compasses. Some people lose their moral compasses and might not feel any responsibility for their actions, because a higher authority approved their action. The traders felt no responsibility on their accounts and accepted their unethical behavior because they had an approval from their CEO Jeffrey Skilling. When I used to work for the banking industry I had an opportunity to see how people can change. The bonus and profit involvement was not at all similar to the ones of the traders from Enron, but the principle was same. Once there was involvement of power from high level management, threat, or reward, people were able to change drastically their behavior. They did not care about clients’ money, property, and well-being because they were threatened of losing their job or blind by the bonuses and career growth visions. I was always curious if they would do the same thing to their family members. How would they behave if there was no client sitting in front of them but their mom or dad? Would they still try to convince them to close some dirty deals by using those lying phrases that they were taught by their supervisors? I could have never understood how it is possible that some people are able to change their face so rapidly without any shame or guilt. I think everybody should treat people the same way how they want to be treaded. I did not care about the pay cut I had to take in my new job as long as I did not need to be involved in such unethical working environment like banking industry. It was my worst working experience ever and in the future I will do everything that I can to avoid working for an industry without moral standards. There is only one circumstance that might cause me to lose my moral compass, and that would be only if somebody would hurt a loved one. John Locke based his theory on moral rights. The people are free and equal and everybody owns their body and labor. The people own anything that was labored by them. However, people agree to form the government to protect their rights, liberty and property that would be otherwise be insecure and unsafe. In Locke’s theory Enron should have not been allowed to be involved in deregulation, because government should be there to protect people’s property and rights. If the government stayed involved in electricity power regulation in California, Enron would not have so easily ripped California of $30 billion dollars. The government should also protect people that invested in Enron, especially employees’ 401k plans. Locke’s natural rights are negative right and for Locke the negative rights do not conflict with positive rights. Those rights imply that the market should be free, which can cause inequality between people. For example large groups of society will stay poor compared to other groups that would grow even richer. Adam Smith’s view of free market derives from utilitarian agreement. The greatest benefits would be produced by free market and private property. The buyers will look for lowest price possible and producers will sell to the buyers anything they want to for the lowest possible price. The market competition would drive the self-interested individuals which would serve society. Enron created fake shortages of the electrical power and since there was not too many suppliers to create market competition that allowed Enron to boost the price of their stock and manipulate the stock market. The criticism of Smith’s argument is the fact that his vision is not accounting for the monopoly companies. Economist Keynes argued Smith’s invisible hand theory. He claimed that without government involvement the demand might not be high enough to absorb the supply. This approach would avoid unemployment and depression. We should not forget that government spending might not cure high unemployment but create inflation. Marx argued that capitalism is concentrating industrial power to the few individuals who organize workers for mass production. This can cause production surplus and economic depression, and replacement of workers by machines can create unemployment. The property should have served for the needs of all society. The social classes were determined by the way how society organized their workers. Enron would never be able to operate under capitalism. The company would be owned by the government and if there would be any discrepancy done it would never come up to the public. State should create mixed economy that would retain private property and market system. The government policies should remedy any deficiencies. The intellectual property system should tend towards Locke’s utilitarian system than Marx’s socialist system. There should be a healthy mix of Locke’s, Marx’s, Smith’s, and Keynes’ philosophy and political views. We should follow Smith and Locke in their low level of government interaction, which would keep strong competition between businesses and benefits for society. Keynes idea would balance the supply-demand equilibrium, unemployment and inflation. And Marx vision would equalize and decrease the gap between social classes and provide support for retirees and disabled society.